Can an individual be too motivated, so that his or her performance declines as a result of excessive effort? Discuss.
Answer – Students’ responses may vary but should consider the following elements from the text. McClelland found that high achievers differentiate themselves from others by their desire to do things better. If a high achiever sets too high goals for him/herself, he/she could end up demotivating him/herself because of the failure to achieve the goals. According to cognitive evaluation theory, when extrinsic rewards are used by organizations as payoffs for superior performance, the intrinsic rewards, which are derived from individuals doing what they like, are reduced. The popular explanation is that the individual experiences a loss of control over his/her own behavior so that the previous intrinsic motivation diminishes. Furthermore, the elimination of extrinsic rewards can produce a shift—from an external to an internal explanation—in an individual’s perception of causation of why he/she works on a task.
Answer – Students’ responses may vary but should consider the following elements from the text. McClelland found that high achievers differentiate themselves from others by their desire to do things better. If a high achiever sets too high goals for him/herself, he/she could end up demotivating him/herself because of the failure to achieve the goals. According to cognitive evaluation theory, when extrinsic rewards are used by organizations as payoffs for superior performance, the intrinsic rewards, which are derived from individuals doing what they like, are reduced. The popular explanation is that the individual experiences a loss of control over his/her own behavior so that the previous intrinsic motivation diminishes. Furthermore, the elimination of extrinsic rewards can produce a shift—from an external to an internal explanation—in an individual’s perception of causation of why he/she works on a task.
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